Past Perfect

Past Perfect Tense

O’tgan tugallangan zamon

Ishlatilishi:

• O’tgan zamonda sodir bo’lgan ish-harakatidan oldin sodir bo’lgan ish-harakati yoki o’tgan zamondagi aniq bir vaqtdan oldin bo’lgan ish-harakati. Ya’ni, o’tgan zamonning o’tgan zamoni deyish ham mumkin.

They had tidied their room by the time their parents arrived, (before another action) Ota-onalari kelgunga qadar, ular xonalarni tozalab bo’lishgan edi.( Avval ular tozalab bo’lishgan, keyin ota-onalari kelgan)

She had cooked dinner by six o’clock, (before a stated time) U soat 6 gacha kechki ovqatni tayyorlab bo’lgan. ( Avval ovqat tayyorlagan, keyin soat 6 bo’lgan).

• O’tgan zamonda bajarilgan va natijasi o’tgan zamonda ko’ringan ish-harakatlarida

James had washed the car, so the ground around it was wet.
Jeyms mashinani yuvib bo'lgan edi, shu sababli, uning atrofidagi yer ho’l edi.

Eslatma: Past Perfect Present Perfectning o’tgan zamondagi ko’rinishi:

He was upset because he had lost his key. (Ish-harakati o’tgan zamonda bajarilgan va natijasi ham o’tgan zamonda)

He is upset because he has lost his key. (Ish-harakati o’tgan zamonda lekin natijasi hozirgi zamonda)

Formulasi:

(+) Subject+had+verb3. (?) Had+subject+verb3? (-) Subject+had not+verb3

I had played tennis before you came. Had you played tennis before he came? I hadn’t played tennis before you came.

(+)	(-)	(?)
I had spoken You had spoken He had spoken She had spoken It had spoken We had spoken You had spoken They had spoken	I had not spoken You had not spoken He had not spoken She had not spoken It had not spoken We had not spoken You had not spoken They had not spoken	Had I spoken? Had you spoken? Had he spoken? Had she spoken? Had it spoken? Had we spoken? Had you spoken? Had they spoken?

Past Perfect ning kalit so’zlari:

Before-oldin After-keyin Already-allaqachon Just-hozirgina For-davomida Since-~dan buyon till/until-~gacha When-vaqtda, ~da by the time- ~gacha Never- hech qachon

By the end of World War II, the Shamakhmudovs had adopted fifteen kids.